Recently, much attention has been paid to the development of new varieties of wheat that are resistant to external influences in certain regions. One example of such work is the Voronezh 18 variety, which will be described in detail in the article.
The history of the appearance of the variety
The variety "Voronezhskaya 18" refers to spring wheat. It was created at the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Belt named after I. V.V. Dokuchaev. Excretion features:
- The variety was obtained by intraspecific hybridization followed by individual selection from the hybrid population F2: Voronezhskaya 10 and Krestyanka.
- Evaluations and observations during production were carried out according to the methodology of the State Commission for the Testing and Protection of Breeding Achievements.
- Parental forms of selection - Stone Steppe, they were chosen due to such qualities as:
- high plasticity;
- productivity;
- high baking properties.
Variety "Krestyanka" is characterized by rapid initial growth, soil drought resistance and leaf-stem pathogens. Wheat variety “Voronezh 10” - is resistant to drought during the formation of grain and filling. The varieties have been produced for over twenty years.
Climatic features of the place of growing Voronezh wheat
Voronezh Region is located in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia, in the southeast. This area is characterized by a sharply continental climate; during the year and the growing season, moisture is rather unstable and insufficient for the growth of spring wheat. One of the weather conditions of the area is two waves of drought:
- one is at the beginning of the growing season;
- the second - for the period of filling and ripening of grains.
Drought affects photosynthesis, grain formation and promotes leaf aging. Therefore, one of the main properties of local spring wheat is drought resistance. In the Voronezh region, plants are susceptible to pathogens of aerogenic diseases, they cause enormous damage to the grain, affecting:
- its gluten;
- preservation of the crop as a whole.
All these criteria have become a factor contributing to the creation and introduction of varieties into production:
- adapted to specific terrain conditions;
- possessing high and stable yields and resistance to external factors.
Characteristics of Voronezh wheat
Variety "Voronezh 18" refers to the variety lutescens and contains the following characteristics:
- semi-upright and medium-sized bush;
- height - 0.78-0.8 m, which is 1.6 cm more than the accepted standard;
- weak straw;
- ear:
- white;
- moderate density;
- pyramidal;
- with short awning processes at the end;
- with a weak or strong wax coating.
- the rounded shoulder is straight and the narrow shoulder is of medium width;
- the tooth is short, slightly or moderately curved;
- the kernel is painted;
- the approximate mass of one thousand seeds is 30-40 g.
The variety "Voronezhskaya 18" gives a good yield in the Central Black Earth region - 39.4 c / ha, with an average standard for the Voronezh region - 23.5 c / ha. Favorable weather conditions contribute to the achievement of an average yield of 45.5 kg / ha.
The highest result was recorded in the Kursk region in 2014 - 85.5 c / ha.
The variety is mid-season with a growing season of 77 to 90 days. At the standard level, wheat is resistant to lodging, sprouting on windrows and roots. Drought tolerance surpasses many varieties of wheat and has advantages over the standard of productivity.
The main advantage of Voronezh wheat is high grain quality indicators:
- protein - up to 17.1%;
- gluten - up to 36.3%;
- flour power - up to 457 e.a.
Excellent flour can be obtained from such grain.
Wheat variety "Voronezhskaya 18", like its progenitors, is one of the strongest wheat in the country. This is evidenced by the following indicators:
- 6 million viable grains per hectare - seeding rate.
- The variety is frost resistant down to -6 degrees, so it is suitable for early sowing.
- The number of preserved quality stems for harvesting is 469-544 pieces per square meter.
Recommended Landing Region
Wheat of the "Voronezh" variety was produced specifically for planting and growing in the Central Black Earth region of Russia, and specifically in the following areas:
- Tambov;
- Lipetsk;
- Oryol;
- Kursk;
- Belgorod;
- Voronezh.
It is in this area that Voronezh wheat will be able to show the highest yield and high grain quality indicators.
Advantages and disadvantages
In addition to the advantages already voiced: good adaptability to climatic conditions, high productivity, resistance to stress factors, etc., the Voronezh-18 variety has such advantages as:
- increased heat resistance;
- rapid initial growth in the initial period;
- dense stem.
- resistance to shedding.
- good baking qualities.
The only drawback of Voronezh wheat is that it can only be cultivated in a limited number of regions of Russia.
Subtleties of agricultural technology
An important condition for growing a quality crop is the addition of fertilizers and proper soil enrichment. Do not neglect these rules, and risk a future crop.
Wheat agrotechnical tips:
- Wheat requires pre-sowing treatment of land and seeds. You can apply standard arable land treatments for sowing:
- harrowing;
- cultivation.
- 10-14 days after processing, plowing must be carried out with a plow to a depth of about 20 centimeters. Any wheat responds well to the following fertilizers:
- nitrogen - when the plant begins to gain an ear;
- potassium - at all stages of growth;
- phosphorus - during the period of going into the tube.
- Wheat sowing date may vary, it all depends on weather conditions. Wheat "Voronezh 18" is best sown in the first decade of spring - the crop will have time to ripen and not outgrow.
- During the growing season, additional fertilizing is introduced by irrigation.
Diseases
Voronezh wheat may be susceptible to disease. There are also many pests who are not averse to tasting fresh grains. In addition to lower yields, this can have an effect on lower grain quality.
Voronezh wheat is medium resistant to:
- brown rust;
- powdery mildew;
- hard smut.
This is not to say that the plant is completely protected from these diseases, therefore, certain rules for sowing and growing must be observed. To prevent development, it is necessary to observe crop rotation, treat the soil with pesticides and sow wheat at certain times.
The stems and ears of Voronezh wheat are not very resistant to smut smut, so seed dressing is recommended before sowing. If the plant is affected by this disease, the spike will acquire a black color, and then turn into a dusty gray mass.
Planting the Voronezhskaya-18 wheat variety and caring for it does not require special measures that are different from other varieties, but at the same time, farmers get yields much higher than standards. In addition to good yields, the plant is susceptible to the least influence of diseases, which also cannot but rejoice and makes this variety even more attractive.