Pear Marble - one of the most common varieties, famous among gardeners for their taste and increased resistance to various diseases. This variety is unpretentious in care, trees are pleased with large, juicy fruits.
Pear grade "Marble"
A ripe pear is greenish yellow with a marble blush and small dots.
About selection
The well-known breeder Michurin I.V. managed to develop a winter variety of pear. The name of this variety is Michurina Winter Bere. A little later, the breeders A. Ulyanischev and G. D. Neporozhny crossed the Michurin variety with the Forest Beauty variety, receiving the Marble Pear. In 1965, the variety was listed in the State Register of Russia.
A variety of pears designed for cultivation in the Russian climate. They began to grow the plant in the Central, Central Black Earth, Lower Volga and Volga-Vyatka regions of the country.
We recommend reading our next article, which will tell about the popular varieties of the Moscow region.
Characteristics of Marble Pear
Marble pear is especially appreciated by gardeners for its high yield and ability to tolerate the harsh winter climate. The tree reaches a height of up to four meters, characterized by a pyramidal crown. Glossy, large, slightly jagged leaves grow on a tree. Saucer-shaped flowers, white, medium in size.
Fruits of the correct form, medium-large - weighing about 170 g. The peel is golden green in color, dense. The flesh is coarse-grained, aromatic, sweet, tender, cream-colored.
Fruiting occurs 6-7 years after planting a tree. Fruits appear at the end of summer, closer to the beginning of autumn. Advantages include the fact that pollinators may not be needed as a pear, since it is a self-pollinated tree. Fruits do not lose external qualities during transportation, can withstand frosts up to -25 degrees.
Pros and cons of the variety
The pluses include good winter hardiness in the regions for which it is zoned, high productivity and good vitality: it is quickly restored after sunburn, improper pruning, freezing, etc. There is no need for pollinators.
The negative sides of the variety:
- the need for constant thinning of the crown;
- yield decline in severe drought;
- short-term storage of fruits (no more than 2 months);
- penchant for scab in rainy summers.
Seedling Selection
Gardeners recommend buying seedlings in specialized stores, but it is best to contact a fruit nursery, where there is a high probability of acquiring a healthy and viable material. Buying a seedling requires compliance with certain rules:
- Buy seedlings no older than two years - they will not develop slowly. The older the plant, the larger its root system, but when digging an adult plant loses most of it than a young tree. A small number of roots can adversely affect the nutrition of a seedling.
- Inspect the root system - it should not be damaged. There should be at least three main roots, about 25 cm long. Take a seedling with an earthen lump - it protects young roots, it is also possible to plant a seedling during the entire growing season.
- Pay attention to the bark of the tree - it should not have cracks, damage. Buy a seedling with smooth bark.
Preparation and landing
Marble pear is considered unpretentious variety, bearing fruit in almost any conditions and on any soil. But in order to increase the yield and quality of the fruit, it is advisable to grow the variety in a well-lit area with fertile and loose soil.
Choosing a place and time
Marble pear planted in the spring after the last frost. The plant is sensitive to frost. The planting process occurs in early to mid-May. You will have to often and abundantly water young trees.
It is allowed to land in the autumn, but in this case, choose the time a month before the temperature drops and strong winds blow. Gardeners plant a tree in the first half of October, until the soil has cooled down - so the roots take root faster and grow stronger.
Choose a well-lit area where the plant will receive maximum sunlight. Due to the fact that in the cold season the tree does not tolerate strong winds, it is better to plant a pear closer to the fence, 3-4 meters from it.
The tree likes moisture, but does not like stagnation of water. Make sure in advance that water does not stagnate after heavy watering.
When choosing a site, be sure to pay attention to the groundwater level - they should be no closer than 2.5 m from the surface. Dig a special ditch next to the seedlings - it will be used as a drain during irrigation of the pear. If water stagnates on the site, it is better to take care of drainage in advance, or plant the plant on an artificial hill.
The plant prefers loamy and nutritious soil. With proper care, you will receive a plentiful harvest. If the area is swampy, clay and sandy, you will have to do drainage in advance, and then add humus, compost or peat in the summer.
Phased landing
Planting a pear is an important process on which the further growth and development of the plant depends. Plant a seedling according to this scheme:
- Prepare a landing pit, the depth of which should be at least 70 cm, the diameter is the same or greater. On fertile lands it is permissible to dig small holes, but so that the roots fit freely in them. On poor, sandy soils, the pit volume is at least 1-1.5 m.
- Lay crushed stone, expanded clay or broken brick in layers to create drainage - for clay, heavy soils. On sandy soils, a clay layer is laid at the bottom of the pit so that moisture does not erode the roots.
- Fill the pit with a nutrient mixture consisting of peat, humus, chernozem or compost and sand in equal amounts (for heavy soils).
- Add 300 g of superphosphate and 3 l of wood ash, mix well.
- Inspect the seedling before planting. If all is well, soak the roots in water for 2-4 hours. It is advisable to add a growth stimulator and root formation.
- Remove a part of the soil from the planting pit so that the roots of the seedling can freely fit in it.
- Pour a small knoll and in 10 cm from the center drive a wooden stake no higher than 1 m. Place the tree in the pit with the root neck to the top. Fill the roots with earth, tamp well.
- Form a trunk circle. Tie a tree to a stake.
- Pour the seedling with plenty of water. The earth should be well moistened and fit snugly to the roots.
- Cut the seedling to a height of 60-80 cm, shorten the branches by 30-40%.
Growing Features
To obtain a plentiful crop with high taste qualities, carry out plant care procedures on time. These include regular watering, pruning and crown formation, fertilizing.
Proper watering
Marble pear is characterized by a low drought tolerance, therefore it needs constant watering. Do not forget that as soon as the plant begins to suffer from a lack of water or nutrition, it will immediately begin to lose fruit. During the growing season, water the plant once every 2-3 weeks.
In the spring during the first watering, after two days, loosen the soil of the near-stem circle and mulch it well with grass, sunflower husk, humus. This procedure will increase the interval between irrigation and save you from the need for continuous loosening of the soil. Periodically check the condition of the mulch - larvae, slugs and other pests can settle in it. In this case, remove the mulch, destroy pests and dry the soil. In the future, you can resume mulching.
In late autumn, water-charging irrigation is carried out, which contributes to an increase in the winter hardiness of the tree.
What to feed?
Nutrients introduced into the planting pit are necessary for plant growth in the early years. Usually, fertilizing is started at the beginning of fruiting, when the tree needs more nutrition.
The table shows the types of top dressing, their amount, and the time of application:
Types of Feeding | Consumption and method of application | Dates and frequency |
Compost or humus | For digging 5-6 kg per 1 square. m | In the spring every 3-4 years. |
Potassium Monophosphate, Potassium Sulfate | Dissolve in water 10-20 g per 1 square. m | In May every year. |
Complex mineral fertilizers | Use according to instructions. | |
Liquid nutrient infusions | Insist in 10 liters for 7 days, 2 liters of mullein. For 1 square. m spend a bucket of water with 1 liter of the finished infusion. | During the period of growth and ripening of fruits. Frequency - 3-4 times a season with an interval of 2-3 weeks. |
Superphosphate | For digging 20-30 g per 1 square. m | In the fall every year. |
Ammonium nitrate, nitroammophosk, urea | For digging 30-40 g per 1 square. m | In the spring of the year. |
When and how to trim?
Pear pruning is an important process that improves the yield and taste of fruits. Pruning is carried out annually to illuminate the crown - in wet weather it will be better ventilated, it will also be under reliable protection from diseases such as powdery mildew, scab, moniliosis.
Sanitary pruning is carried out in the summer, a month after flowering. Sick and dried branches are removed. When cutting diseased branches, capture the healthy part by at least 10-15 cm, due to the fact that there may be fungus mycelium.
Due to the fact that foci of infection are present on the diseased branches, immediately remove them from the garden without delaying this matter until spring. Along with winter or early spring pruning, clean the trunks and main branches of plants from dead bark, wintering pests such as scale insects, ticks, and aphid eggs are often found under it.
Perform agrotechnical pruning annually to help reduce the number of aphids and copper flakes. If there are scoop eggs, “nests” of hawthorn caterpillars in the tree’s crown, feel free to remove them when pruning. With agricultural pruning, root growth is also removed.
At the beginning of summer, for the formation of the crown, carry out a “green operation” - break off excess young shoots and tops. Such a thinning procedure will facilitate the next winter pruning, lighten the crown, increase its ventilation and reduce the risk of contracting diseases.
How to prepare a tree for winter?
In winter, the main danger to the tree is damage to the bark and shoots by rodents. For this reason, with the onset of frost, before the establishment of a permanent deep snow cover, lay the poisoned baits in holes near the tree every two weeks. If your site contains only common voles, use Geltsin Agro gel.
Young trees under the age of 8-10 years old are recommended to be tied with reeds or spruce branches in autumn. If there is a lot of snow in winter, tamp it near the tree trunk - this will protect the plant from pests. During spring snowmelt, when thawed spots appear at the base of the tree, inspect the soil - are there rodent habitats in it? Having found such holes, re-scatter the bait near the tree.
Diseases and Pests
Pear Marble - a variety characterized by persistent immunity against fungal diseases, especially to scab. But this does not mean that the plant is not exposed to this disease. In order for the pear to remain healthy, you need to know how to deal with diseases and pests. In the table, everything is detailed:
Disease / Pest | Symptoms | Control Measures / Prevention |
Scab | With the disease, the bark becomes wrinkled and cracked, dirty brown spots form on the leaves. Deformation of leaf plates is observed, dark spots are visible on fruits, pears acquire an ugly shape. | Trim trees annually to improve ventilation. Clean and close the fallen leaves, keep the soil of the trunk circles under black steam. For effective treatment, treat the plant with biofungicides (Agate-25 K) or preparations containing copper. |
Brown spotting | A disease during which numerous small brown spots appear on the leaves. Black growths begin to form on the leaves - spores. | Dig the soil in the fall, clean the fallen leaves with signs of the disease in time. In the early spring, treat the plant with nitrafen 3%, in the summer - Bordeaux liquid 1%. |
Black cancer | The disease is accompanied by brown-brown spots - they appear on the bark of the trunk and branches in the area of the forks. Concentric circles with black tubercles form on the affected areas. | Trim the affected wood and disinfect the wounds with copper sulphate; after trimming, treat the wood with fungicides. In late autumn or spring, before the buds open, spray the plant with a solution of iron sulfate 3-4%. |
Green aphid | When a pest is damaged, the stalks and petioles are deformed, the leaves curl into a tube, young branches dry out. Insects are barely visible on the affected parts of the plant. | Destroy weeds in near-stem circles, get rid of ants that spread aphids. Spray the plant with Fitoverm solution 0.2% twice during the growing season. Also spend 1 time spraying with Acarin. |
Hawthorn | Caterpillars eat up foliage, wintering “nests” of leaves appear on the tree — they are held together by a web. | During the growing season, spray the plant with BA-3000 with the appearance of pests with an interval of 1 week, at a rate of 20-30 g per 1 bucket of water. Treat the tree with Bitoxy-Bacillin - per 1 bucket of water 60-80 g, throughout the growing season, except for flowering. |
Shield | Brown or dark cherry tubercles appear on the stem, branches and trunk, from which a dark liquid flows out when pressed. Shoots affected by the pest dry out. | Destroy the wintering shield. Lime the tree with copper sulfate - per 1 kg 100 g. Treat the tree twice with Tarstar or Clipper preparations during the growing season. |
Collection, storage and transportability
Ripening occurs in late August and early September. They are consumed until mid-October. Usually, the fruits are stored for no more than 2 months, but at the same time they can withstand transportation thanks to the dense peel. Harvested carefully, breaking off from the branches so that the stems remained on the fruits. The harvested fruits are immediately put into the shade.
Pears are carefully inspected: pears that do not have mechanical damage and wormholes are suitable for storage. The fruits are stacked in wicker or wooden containers, shifting layers with hay or paper. Storage temperature - 1-3 degrees.
Due to the fact that the Marble pear is considered a dessert variety, it is consumed in its natural form and in fruit salads. But it’s permissible to make jam, fruit drinks, juices, marshmallows and other delicious homemade preparations from fruit.
Gardeners reviews
Many gardeners respond positively to this variety, indicating its many advantages.
Maxim, 44 years old, experienced gardener. My marble beauty can be immediately recognized by the trunk. The only difficulty I had to face at the beginning was the correct formation of the crown. There are spinning tops everywhere. The taste of the fruit is simply irresistible - the pears are sweet, juicy, slightly oily. My basement is usually kept for a month, and not because the pears spoil, but because the kids like these fruits.
Veronica, 37 years old, housewife. My marble pear has been growing in the garden for 10 years, they planted it right away when they bought the house. How it grew, pleased with a good harvest and large fruits. I took good care of her: regularly watered, pruned branches, and fertilized.Already at the beginning of autumn, my family was enjoying juicy fruits without any signs of deformation - all pears are flat, beautiful.
Valery, 25 years old, beginning gardener. About 6 years ago, fruit trees started to interest me when my parents bought a summer house. Since childhood, I loved pears more than apples. I began to look for information about the best varieties of pears, I came across Marble. He himself went to the market, where I was lucky enough to get a bona fide seller - he gave me many useful recommendations. He dug a hole himself, planted a tree, looked after him. My efforts were not in vain - this year we harvested the first crop, parents praised.
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Marble pear variety is a popular variety that many gardeners prefer. With careful care, pruning, pear will delight every year with ripe, large fruits with good taste and attractive appearance.
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