Ide is the most common fish of the cyprinid family. In Russia, it is highly popular, more than common carp. An ide is an omnivorous half predator, which leads a flock of life until it reaches a certain age. Moreover, he organizes flocks by age.
Description of fish ide
An ide can be recognized by its appearance: the length of an adult reaches 35-57 cm, and the weight of one fish is 2-2.7 kg. In rare cases, one ide can stretch up to 90 cm in length and weigh as much as 6 kg. The head is short, the body is thick, the mouth is oblique, small in size. It is important to understand that depending on the habitat, season and age, the parameters may vary slightly.
In spring, when spawning begins, the body of the ide has a metallic luster, the cheeks and head appear golden. When turning to sunlight, the color shimmers and acquires either golden, silver, or dark color. The color of the back is dark blue, the sides are white, and the belly with a silver tint. The fins located on the tail and back, and the lower and side fins are red. Eyes are yellow-green with a dark spot on top.
In fry, the tone is lighter and silvery, fins are paler in comparison with adult fish.
During the marriage, small grains of white color appear on the head and body of males, which disappear after spawning. The more these grains, the more productive the male, and they themselves differ in these traits from females.
Lifestyle
The ides always hunt in groups, grouping by age, the larger the age of the river inhabitant, the smaller their numbers. Large fish like to live alone, are grouped only in the winter months, as well as during spawning. The ides tolerate water salinity up to 10 grams per liter, so they can be found in rivers and not very salted seas.
In Russia, both amateurs and sporting fishermen prefer to catch large fish, as for ide, the length of a good fish does not exceed 29 cm, if a smaller fish caught on a hook, then it is immediately released into the river.
An ide can live as long as 10, or even 15 years. If he lives in a place inaccessible to people where there is the opportunity to eat good food, then the fish lives up to 20 years.
Distribution area
The ide is common throughout Europe, with the exception of southern and southeastern Europe. Also, this fish can be found in Siberia and Yakutia. It inhabits the rivers of the Black Sea basin, starting with the Danube and ending with the Kuban (it is not in the Crimea), in the North Caspian in the Volga, Emba and Ural rivers. Also, the ide was brought to North America, where it was well mastered in the United States and Connecticut.
Ecology and living conditions
The ide is a freshwater fish, but can also live in the salted water of the sea bay. Such a fish lives in:
- rivers
- flowing lakes;
- river ponds.
It is impossible to find ide in cold, fast and mountain rivers. It prefers deep rivers with a slow flow, silted and clay bottom. It lives near bridges, a whirlpool, pits below rifts, and also near the coast, where tall bushes grow. According to Sabaneyev (a fish specialist), ide is a pretty hardy fish that can easily tolerate temperature changes. These fish do not fall into hibernation.
What does ide eat in nature?
An ide is a fish that eats everything in a row, it can be both plant and non-plant food. They like even small fish, crayfish and frogs. Semi-predatory fish, such as ide, can eat only once a day compared to predatory fish, which can starve for quite a long time. But if you compare the half-predators with fish that eat only vegetation, you need to eat twice a day, there are enough snacks to eat once.
The greatest value for river inhabitants is food, it depends on precipitation, melting ice floes at the end of winter, the opening of locks. When the current intensifies, a lot of plant food comes to the fish, which is enough for all sea and river inhabitants.
During this period, ides stay on the watercourse, since the main food is contained in this place. Lake ides are not dependent on floods, but rain is important for life, it not only fills the lake with clean water, but also food. All ides, regardless of their habitat, feed on neighboring shallows, but do this in the daytime, sometimes they can go hunting at night.
Fry nutrition
The main food for fry are small crayfish, crabs, lobsters and insect larvae. When their length reaches 20 cm, the kids begin to devour small fish, tadpoles, as well as leeches. In addition, small algae and other aquatic vegetation begin to enter their diet.
Spawning ide
The puberty of males occurs in 2 years, when their size reaches 25 cm, with a weight of 250 grams. In the North, puberty occurs 1-2 years later. Spawning occurs at the ides faster than at all, as soon as the ice melts and the water heats up to 7 degrees.
At this time, the inhabitants are divided into certain groups, each of which contains fish of the same age. Then they come to the surface of the water and look for a suitable place for mating. If ides lived in large rivers, then during spawning they swim into shallow tributaries and swim to the stones, the depth of the influx does not exceed 50 cm, last year's vegetation will serve as a substrate for them.
During the spawning period, males jump to the surface, swimming in the same place. It is fleeting at the ides and lasts up to three days, but it is carried out in one step: first the old people go, and the young ones go the last. At the end of spawning, the river inhabitants return to their former places.
For one spawning, one female can lay from 40 to 150 thousand eggs.
After a week, larvae appear that within 3 days hang without movement, sticking to stones or vegetation with the help of an adhesive substance that is produced by cement glands. After that, they come off, swim and eat on their own, learning to survive on their own. 3-5 days they live in the same place, and then swim to safe coastal zones.
The ides that live in the lake during spawning move to the nearby estuaries or in shallow water, where reeds are covered. At the end of spawning, they go to a depth, and after 3 days they emerge and eat actively, catching up on lost calories.
Ide fishing
Sports and amateur fishermen show increased interest in catching ide, because this fish is large in size with many useful substances. You can catch this type of fish all year round. The meat of this fish is very tasty and healthy, it also contains all the vitamins and minerals, as well as the protein necessary for the proper development of the whole organism.
Fishing methods
An ide is caught on various fishing rods, what to catch an ide and with what, a person decides for himself. It also depends on the season when fishing occurs.
All fishing rods are suitable for catching ides, the most effective ones listed below:
- fly floater;
- wired fishing rod;
- Bologna gear
- match fishing rod;
- donka;
- feeder;
- bait fishing rod;
- fly fishing gear;
- bombard;
- spinning;
In winter, special tackles are needed to catch the omnivorous half predator:
- nod;
- a fishing rod with a float, which should always be exclusively under water, so that the float does not freeze to ice.
It is impossible to say when the season opens for catching such fish as ide, because it can be caught in any season. He may not bite only in severe frosts, but with minimal warming, he immediately begins to delight the fisherman with an active bite.
The highest feeding activity is manifested 5 days after the end of spawning and when autumn cooling sets in. But in autumn, the zhor is somewhat weaker than at the end of spawning, but lasts as long as 3 weeks.
Attachments and lures
The mouth of this species of fish is small, therefore, the bait should be small from 0 to 2, and the length of the spoon does not exceed 4 cm. As for the hooks, their size should be a maximum of 5. The ide is a shy and cautious fish, so you need to fish in silence , and preferably masked. A transparent fishing line with a diameter of 0.22 mm and leashes of 0.18 mm is suitable for tackle.
If fishing is done using a float, the lures use the following:
- grasshopper;
- caddis;
- muckworm;
- maggot;
- dragonfly;
- a bear;
- Chafer;
- bark beetle;
- mayfly;
- shoots of reeds;
- fry;
- wobblers;
- mormyshka with a piece of fish;
- peas;
- dough;
- semolina;
- insect larvae;
- Worms
- bloodworm.
Plant-based baits can also be used to catch ide: dried canned peas, corn, semolina, bread, etc.
To catch ides, you can use a simple bait, but always with a smell:
- vanilla
- sunflower oil;
- birch branches.
Such a bait can be made at home from bread with the addition of clay. The bite is confident and at the same time fast, so the fisherman should always be on the hook. Fishing using spinning has not little efficiency.
From vegetation, algae - mulberry, are best recommended, especially when narrowed for wiring. Starting in May, this bait plays its best fishing, and not only ide, but also:
- rudd;
- roach;
- ruff;
- crucian carp.
The shoots no longer than 10 cm are suitable for the bait, a strand of algae is woven around the hook and tied, leaving a little strand to hang.
Such algae can be found on stones at a depth of 30 cm, also on snags and concrete structures (bridges, moorings, slipways).
For bottom gear use bait fish from small fish: dace, bleak, gudgeon and small toads. An ide is a finicky fish, it goes through food, it never refuses bark beetles (larvae) and dragonflies.
In the video below, a fisherman catches an ide for a homemade spinner and tells how you can fish, on what and in what places:
The ide seems lazy and slow-moving, but in freedom it has a stronger resistance than many other fish. As soon as the ide falls on the hook, it begins to get out in every possible way, wriggle, jump out of the water. Often, it turns out to get rid of bondage by cutting the fishing line with his sharp fin.
How to breed and grow ide?
The ide is the most popular fish for breeding in the pond, the golden ide ide perfectly holds on the water, hunting insects. In a large pond, fish can reach 50 cm in length, fry feed on both plant and live food.
If there are enough plants in the pond, then breeding ides is easy and effective. In the third year of life, a pond ide can weigh 500 grams. Breeding does not require special equipment, and it feeds on what the carp refuses.
Fish value
The ide has excellent taste qualities of meat, so it is very popular in cooking. There is only one drawback - this is excessive bony, which can be eliminated using several methods:
- To pickle fish for a long time in acetic solution during the day.
- The meat is passed through a meat grinder, and cutlets or meatballs are sculpted.
- Making canned food in vegetable oil, in this case, the fish is stewed for a long time until the bones are completely softened.
The meat of the ide is white to yellowish in color. A variety of dishes are prepared from ide, it can be:
- stew;
- to cook;
- fry;
- bake;
- grease;
- marinate;
- to dry;
- sluggish;
- canning;
- make stuffing for pies.
An ide cannot be stored for a long time in an unprocessed form, since the meat quickly deteriorates, and its palatability deteriorates. After fishing, it is advisable to immediately clean and gut the fish. Raw meat can be stored in the refrigerator for no longer than a day.
Nutrition value per 100 grams of product is indicated in the table.
The nutritional value | Gram |
calorie content | 117 |
squirrels | 19,0 |
fats | 4,5 |
water | 75,4 |
ash | 4,1 |
Fish meat contains many vitamins, micro and macro elements, protein, fatty acids necessary for humans. The ide amino acids contain the following amino acids:
- taurine;
- lysine;
- tryptophan;
- methionine.
The ide has low calorie content, so even nutritionists appreciate meat and include many diets on the menu. In addition, there are additional useful properties:
- The presence of a high amount of fluorine and calcium, which strengthens bones, hair, teeth, and also prevents problems of the musculoskeletal system.
- Extractives have a choleretic property, so they stimulate the digestive tract, improve appetite and prevent problems of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Many vitamins strengthen the human organs and the immune system.
- Since meat is rich in vitamin B, regular consumption will reduce nervous tension, aggressiveness and overexcitation.
- Nutrients normalize blood circulation, lower cholesterol, increase vascular tone and is a prevention of Parkinson's disease.
Hazardous properties of fish
There are two dangers - a lot of small bones with which a person can choke and parasites that often live in an ide; therefore, it is important to heat the fish before cooking.
The ide is a hardy fish and can live for a long time in bodies of water polluted by industrial production, where heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides and various wastes are present. In this regard, before fishing, you should make sure that the fish is safe.
Who can I confuse with ide?
The ide can be confused with other species of fish, because it looks similar to:
- chub, from which it differs only by a light back, a narrow head, a thick body and small scales;
- roach, from which it differs by yellowness of eyes and small scales, and the back of a roach is lighter than that of an ide.
Ide - fish is hardy to temperature changes, you can catch it all year round. Meat has a number of beneficial properties for the body. You can catch ide for a large number of bait, for almost any fishing rod, so many fishermen prefer fishing, hunting for ulcers. And the taste of meat is simply excellent, it is served in many cafes and restaurants.
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