In general, in the Saratov region there are more than 2,000 species of mushrooms. But about 150 species are edible, and only 10-20 are awarded with the attention of mushroom pickers. Other species are poorly understood and therefore people are wary of them.
Mushroom places of the Saratov region
The best time to pick mushrooms is the end of summer, the beginning of autumn. It was at this time that all mushroom pickers at the ready with baskets and knives were sent to mushroom places to replenish supplies.
Edible mushrooms are best sought on the hills where the sun shines - forest edges, birch and oak groves, old forest roads. Last year, pine forests and floodplain forests in the valleys of the Khoper and Medveditsa rivers were considered especially rich in mushrooms.
Also in the Saratov region there is a list of places that are considered the richest in mushrooms and including edible ones. This list includes:
- Saratov district near the village of Popovka - mushrooms, birch bark trees, waves.
- Krasnoarmeysky district - porcini mushrooms, boletus. You can find them nearby in the forests of the village of Ivanteyevka.
- Engels district. The forest belt near Lake Tinh-Zin is replete with boletus and mushrooms.
- Marx district - in the woods of the old village of Zvonarevka, cucurbits grow, expensive porcini mushrooms, red saffron mushrooms and boletus.
- Bazarno-Karabulaksky district - In the nearby forests, you can find red oaks and brown ones.
- Baltai district - in the local forests there are brown boletus, oily, boletus and autumn mushrooms.
- Tatishchevsky district. In this area there are several areas in which you can find mushrooms: near the village of Yagodnaya Polyana, camelina and chanterelles, and near the village of Kamyanka you can find a lot of butter.
- Petrovsky district - near the village of Ozerki, mushrooms, butterwigs, boletus and boletus grow.
The number of mushrooms depends on the weather conditions in the region. Droughts are possible that do not contribute to productivity. However, for example, 2016 in this regard was very successful, and then it was possible to harvest a good one.
Edible mushrooms love humid, warm weather, which is why the best time of year for harvesting is autumn (September - end of October) or end of May. An indicator of mushroom pores will be fog and warm nights. In spring and summer, subject to sufficient humidity, porcini mushrooms, oleaginous and boletus grow. Small, slightly grown mushrooms, it is good to collect two to three days after precipitation.
Edible mushrooms of the Saratov region
Edible mushrooms are considered to be safe to eat. Consider the most popular among them.
Boletus
They exist in several forms, and the skin color varies from gray-brown to dark brown. The dome-shaped hat is up to 15 cm in diameter, the flesh is soft, covered with fibers from below, which may darken with age.
When broken, the flesh does not change color. The taste and smell are inexpressive. The leg is thin, length is up to 12 cm, light gray.
The collection season is June-end of October. They can be cooked, fried, dried and pickled.
Load
Belongs to the russula family. In a young mushroom, the cap is slightly depressed in the center, while in an adult it has a funnel-shaped shape. The surface of the cap is white and dry, it may be with brown spots, diameter up to 20 cm.
The pulp is white and brittle, there are white plates. The leg is cylindrical and short in length.
They are found in coniferous and deciduous forests; they can be harvested from July to October.
White mushroom
Porcini mushroom belongs to the genus of boletus. The color of the hat changes depending on the conditions in which the mushroom grows - from white to dark brown with a reddish tint. Diameter can reach 25 cm.
In shape, the hat initially looks like a half of a ball, a little later - like a pillow. The surface is velvety and smooth to the touch. The pulp is practically odorless, but tastes nutty. By consistency, it is dense thick and white.
This mushroom has a massive leg, reaching a height of up to 20 cm, and a thickness of up to 5. It is expanded at the base and a significant part of it is underground.
Such a mushroom is located in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests from the beginning of summer to the month of October. Fruits in waves, however, the first wave is not the most plentiful in comparison with the subsequent ones.
It is believed that the porcini mushroom accompanies the red fly agaric - the fly agaric began to grow, and the white mushroom begins to grow. It can be confused with a cudgel, however, it is worth remembering that the flesh of a porcini mushroom never changes, even in soup, which can not be said about a cudgel.
Cep is considered the best of mushrooms and is used in any form.
Real chest
This mushroom belongs to the mushrooms of the first category. His hat is mucous, which is why it is called raw. The shape of the leg is hollow, and the hat is funnel-shaped. Color - milky white with faint stripes, which after bluing becomes bluish. When salted, these mushrooms are very aromatic and tasty. You can find mushrooms in young forest plantations.
Butterflies
All types of these mushrooms are distinguished by mucous skin, as if it is covered with vegetable oil, which is why, in fact, they are called that. The color of the hat can vary from brown-chocolate to gray-olive, yellow-brown is possible. It has the shape of a hemisphere, which gradually changes to open. The edges may be raised.
The skin is easily separated from the pulp. The height of the legs is 4-12 cm. The hue is lighter than that of the hat, the shape is cylindrical with a white membranous ring in the middle.
Butterflies are damaged by worms or other pests, due to which the number of mushrooms in the Saratov region, unsuitable for consumption, reaches 80%.
Appear from mid-September to late October. You can find it in any forest, especially near pines, birches and oaks.
It is important to remove the peel from the hat, after which they can be consumed in almost any form.
Ginger
The name of saffron milk went because of their color - a bright red, even reddish tint, which is present in them because of the high content of beta-carotene. The hat is funnel-shaped, fleshy, 5-10 cm in diameter. The skin may be wet or dry.
The leg is cylindrical, brittle with small gaps. The pulp is fragile, does not change in the air, without a special smell.
It grows most often in pine forests. The growth period is July-September.
Boletus
The hat is pillow-shaped, smooth, fibrous. The leg is cylindrical or thickened to the base, covered with white, brown or black scales. The pulp is white, in the cut it can redden, blacken, grayen.
Boletus usually appears in three waves. The first ("spikes") - from the end of June to the first days of July, the second ("stumps") - in mid-July and the third ("leaf-trees") - from mid-August to mid-September, when there are a lot of them. Between these waves you can observe their rare appearance, especially if the summer turned out to be too wet.
Chanterelles
The hat can be of various shapes - concave, convex, funnel-shaped. By color - yellow or orange, with a diameter of 3-14 cm.
Leg in height - from 3 to 10 cm, usually grows together with a hat. The shape is solid and thick and expands from the bottom up.
The pulp is very fleshy, white and dense, if pressed, it may turn red. The taste is sour, and the mushroom smells of dried fruit.
Chanterelles have poisonous counterparts - the chanterelle is false and the olive omphaloth. You can distinguish from each other, knowing the location of localization. False grows only on rotting wood or forest litter, and omphaloth is common in the subtropical zone on wood dust.
Chanterelles appear in mid-July to early October, but are not cultivated under artificial conditions.
Russula
In total, there are 275 species of russula. Of these, 60 are found in Russia, including in the Saratov region, in deciduous and coniferous forests traditionally in summer and autumn. These types differ in color of the skin.
The pulp of mushrooms is lamellar, brittle, some change their color when they come in contact with air. The taste is soft, bitter or harsh. Hats can be in the form of a ball, gradually straightening. Diameter - from 5 to 30 cm.
The leg can both narrow and expand to the bottom, its height reaches up to 8 cm. Before preparing the russula, it is necessary to soak them in order to get rid of bitterness.
Poisonous mushrooms that are found in the Saratov region
Such mushrooms are extremely dangerous, sometimes even fatal to humans. This is due to the fact that in some types of mushrooms there may be some toxic substances that can cause food poisoning or affect the nervous system.
In total, in the Saratov region there are about 150 species of poisonous mushrooms. Consider the most famous among them.
Fly agaric
Classical poisonous mushroom. A lethal dose for a person is 5-10 grams of pulp. Amanita muscaria is widespread throughout Russia.
The appearance of the fungus is known, if not all, then to very many - a large mushroom with a bright red hat with white spots on it. The diameter of the cap can be up to 30 cm.
The inside of the hat consists of a large number of white plates. The dense leg reaches a height of up to 20 cm, the diameter of the leg - up to 4.
The main growth zone is meadows, deciduous and coniferous forests. It grows from the beginning of June to the end of October.
Satanic mushroom
In some books, this mushroom is classified as conditionally edible (that is, it can be eaten after certain manipulations). Satanic mushroom must be soaked and boiled for 10 hours. If this is not done, then you may encounter severe damage to the liver and nervous system.
The mushrooms themselves are quite large. Known instances in which the size of the cap in diameter can reach 40 cm and has a pillow-shaped shape with a smooth, skin-coated surface.
From the outside, the mushroom has a green or brown color. The leg is massive, trapezoidal in shape, with a diameter of up to 12 cm and a height of up to 20 cm. The smell of a satanic mushroom resembles a rotten onion.
Death cap
Belongs to the fly agaric family and can be dangerous even with short-term contact with edible mushrooms, since the legs and hats are able to quickly absorb toxic substances.
Pale grebe is quite thermophilic and is located in deciduous and broad-leaved forests. Favorite location - limes and oak groves. Fruits in the period from July to early October.
The shape of the cap is from ovoid to flat-convex. In diameter - up to 6-12 cm. The skin is greenish with fibers ingrown into it. On the surface of the fungus under consideration, white flaky warts are found.
Leg is cylindrical in shape, white or yellowish. The pulp is white and quite thin. The smell of young mushrooms is pleasant, in contrast to the smell of old mushrooms.
If suddenly, while in the Saratov region, you decide to pick mushrooms yourself, then before going to the forest or other mushroom places, you should carefully study this topic. Yes, there are many places with tasty and healthy mushrooms, but you need to know them, and also be able to distinguish between poisonous and edible in order to avoid serious health problems.
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